Tomcat says:

javax.servlet.ServletException: Servlet.init() for servlet webwork threw exception at
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:963)
...
root cause

java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate VelocityEngine!
at
com.opensymphony.webwork.views.velocity.VelocityManager.newVelocityEngine(VelocityManager.java:333)
at
com.opensymphony.webwork.views.velocity.VelocityManager.init(VelocityManager.java:146)
at
com.opensymphony.webwork.dispatcher.ServletDispatcher.init(ServletDispatcher.java:177)
at
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:935)

Solution: (thanks to Keith Lea)

It turns out Velocity's Avalon logging system was trying to write to my tomcat folder.

So that it's on file somewhere for other people, I will describe the solution:

I created a file "velocity.properties" and placed it in my WEB-INF/classes folder. Inside the file I wrote:

runtime.log.logsystem.class=org.apache.velocity.runtime.log.NullLogSystem

This stops velocity from logging, and makes webwork work again.